Thomas Aquinas Justifiable War and Killing Essay - 670 Words

Among some of the subjects that Aquinas tackles in On Law, Morality, and Politics is the dilemma of War and Killing. Aquinas sums up the legality of war through three criteria: that the war waged is done by a legitimate authority, that the war is just because the enemy has done something grossly wrong, and the intention of the war is to solely right the wrong. Also we see Aquinas say that the killing of an innocent person is justified if God wills it. Aquinas argues that one of the objectives in order to make a war justified is when a legitimate authority declares it. Typical it is usually a countrys top leadership that would count as legitimate authority, however in the United States it is not the President who can legally declare†¦show more content†¦If this was the policy that was to be followed, the United States would not be a country since it was private citizens, who according to Aquinas are certainly not legitimate authority, who armed themselves and rebelled against the British. The former colonies who revolted and rebelled against their Imperial European countries would not be awarded their own countries because the people who are ruled are not in authority and thus, according to Aquinas, cannot wage war. The second criterion for waging war because the enemy has done something wrong against the first country I can agree with Aquinas is just. When a country has repeatedly harassed another country, made consistent threats and provokes another country to war by building up their military and does represent a threat to the country and/or the surrounding countries, then I believe it is just for the first country to act and to ensure stability by eliminating the threat. A country who constantly causes trouble within its own borders and/or nearby countries cannot be left about if diplomacy and negotiating for peace goes nowhere, waiting will only stir more trouble and peace will become more threatened if it hasnt already been removed. The third is s omewhat unrealistic in my opinion. Throughout mankind, wars have been waged never solely to â€Å"right a wrong†. Lives are lost, land and property are damaged and destroyed, life is hell during war. ItShow MoreRelatedIs Declaration of War Ever Justifiable?1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beginning of war among settled civilizations, the question of whether war is right or wrong has been somewhat ambiguous. Some say war is wrong in totality and should not be an option because there are no moral, justifiable grounds for the damage caused during war. Others say that war can be just. The idea of having a justifiable war is called the â€Å"just war theory† or â€Å"just war doctrine†. As early as 400BCE, within the Indian book â€Å"Mahabharata†, the notion of having a just war has been debatedRead MoreOutline the concepts of just war and pacifism1943 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Outline the key concepts of Just War and Pacifism. A01 [21] The Just war theory maintains that war may be justified if fought only in certain circumstances, and only if certain restrictions are applied to the way in which war is fought. The theory that was first propounded by St Augustine of Hippo and St Ambrose of Milan ( 4th and 5th centuries AD) attempts to clarify two fundamental questions: ‘when is it right to fight?’ and ‘How should war be fought?’. Whereas Pacifists are people mainly ChristiansRead MoreActive Euthanasia Pros and Cons Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagescondition with a great deal of suffering. Active euthanasia: Means causing the death of a person through direct action. Often done by a lethal combination of drugs. Involuntary euthanasia: Euthanasia committed against ones wishes, mercy killings, Still considered to be murder. Passive euthanasia: Withdrawal of medical equipment that is keeping the patient alive. Physician assisted suicide: (PAS) when a doctor provides a lethal dose of medicine to a patient and the patient uses itRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Double Effect2007 Words   |  9 Pagesproviding the same good end. I will now refer to two philosophers whom justify and discuss the premise behind the doctrine of double effect. Thomas Aquinas (2003) is acknowledged for his work introducing the principle of double effect in his discussion of the permissibility of self-defense in the Summa Theologica (II-II, Qu. 64, Art.7). Aquinas’ argues killing one’s assailant is defensible; however, their intention mustn’t have been to kill them. Nothing delays one act from causing two effects; oneRead MoreThe Doctrine of Double Effect2090 Words   |  8 Pagesmerely claim that they intended some sort of good outcome to result from their actions. The Doctrine of Double Effect was first created by Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas believed that if you killed someone who was attacking you, you were justified in this action because the individual who was being attacked didn’t have an intent to kill the attacker from the beginning. Aquinas observes that â€Å"nothing hinders one act from having two effects, only one of which is intended, while the other is beside the intentionRead MoreEthical Positions Research Paper : Torture1517 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment for a crime, as there is a constitutional prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment (Lendman, 2008). The UN and the Geneva Convention prohibit torture in the war, because it is immoral to extract information through the infliction of intense pain and suffering, because all sides are likely to take prisoners of war, and because no one wants their soldiers to be tortured. In all of these instances, we do not have an interest in torturing because to do so would be morally r epugnant (LendmanRead MoreThe Relevance Of Just War Tradition2289 Words   |  10 Pages The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the relevance of Just War Tradition (JWT) in contemporary warfare. It will do so through critical analysis of the condition of Just ad Bellum (JAB) because arguably if one carefully considers the moral conditions that make going to war justifiable then the same cautious, moral assumptions apply in Jus in Bello. Firstly it will briefly discuss the history of JWT and thusly the inherent problems within JAB applied in the contemporary world. Secondly it willRead MoreCan There Ever Be A Just War On Terror?2819 Words   |  12 PagesCan there ever be a just war on terror A Just War is a war which is fought, however, conducted under certain rules and regulations; these were created by Thomas Aquinas and Francisco de Vitoria. (Anon,[n.d]a), This theory is used as a means of showing those who are going to war, excluding those which classify under the regulations, that going to war is wrong and were deemed immoral. The intentions which were used to forward this process were to encourage the other states that there are other means

USMC Then Now and Forever - 742 Words

The USMC is the most advanced military fighting force on the planet. Most think the marines are just hardened killers but that’s not entirely true. First and foremost a marine is a rifleman. Every marine regardless of their job is taught to be proficient with the standard issue rifle. Marines are more than that, a select few get to go to special operations schools. In those schools marines learn exceptional skills, skills such as how to defuse multiple bombs in a very tense firefight. Still the marines are more than the skills they learn. They are true hero’s some even call them angels of death. They become like this in a place called Paris Island. Paris Island is where men become marines. When you first arrive at the island you are not called a marine yet. All drill sergeants label the recruits whatever they wish but they have not earned the title of marine. Basic training is a 12 week course of hell on earth. The course is broken up into 3 phases. Phase one is to brea k the recruits of their civilian habits. This is where most cannot do it, but it is too late to back out now they are in commitment. After phase one comes phase two. This is where recruits get field training and learn how to use and care for a rifle. Lastly phase three this is where recruits regurgitate all they learned, this last phase is the end of the most difficult training basic has to offer. Once boot camp is completed the marines move off to their respective schools or jobs, for more training orShow MoreRelatedThe United States Marine Corp1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Marine Corp (USMC) was founded in 1775 during The Revolutionary War. From it’s inception, the ranks of the USMC were filled exclusively by males. Over 143 years later, in 1918, women were finally allowed to enlist. At first, women couldn’t participate in combat and were restricted to a limited number of jobs. 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I have givenRead MoreRifleman Dodd18078 Words   |  73 Pagesnature of this course, it has no equivalency credits at the college level. Assistance For administrative assistance, have your training officer or NCO log on to the MCI home page at www.mci.usmc.mil. Marines CONUS may call toll free 1-800-MCI-USMC. Marines worldwide may call commercial (202) 6857596 or DSN 325-7596. MCI Course 0112D iii (This page intentionally left blank.) MCI Course 0112D iv Study Guide Congratulations Congratulations on your enrollment in a distanceRead MoreThe Marine Corps Directives System Study Guide28513 Words   |  115 Pagesis scheduled for review by the American Council on Education during 2009. Assistance For administrative assistance, have your training officer or NCO log on to the MCI home page at www.mci.usmc.mil. Marines CONUS may call toll free 1-800-MCI-USMC. Marines worldwide may call commercial (202) 6857596 or DSN 325-7596. MCI Course 0416B iii (This page intentionally left blank.) MCI Course 0416B iv Study Guide Congratulations Congratulations on your enrollment in a distanceRead MoreThe Boeing Company 2007 Annual Report61846 Words   |  248 Pagesoffset additional investment in key growth programs. Our cash flow went from strong to even stronger — increasing from $7.5 billion in 2006 to $9.6 billion in 2007. We also had our best year ever in capturing new business and adding to a backlog that now totals almost one third of a trillion dollars — or just about five times our total revenues in 2007. Boeing Commercial Airplanes had spectacular success in landing 1,423 airplane orders during 2007, reaching more than 1,000 orders for an unprecedented

Haigh a Well Know Brand in the Country of Australia Free Sample

Questions: 1.Provide a brief company and Industry Sector Overview.2.Research and Critically analyse the current STP approach. 3.Develop and Justify a STP approach for the Indonesian Market. Answers: 1.About the Company Founded in Adelaide in 1915, Haighs Chocolates by Alfred E. Haigh, is one the oldest establishment in Australia in the Chocolate industry. The company was then popular for their fruit centered chocolates which are prepared even today (Haighschocolates.com.au, n.d.). It is the oldest family-owned chocolate maker in Australia and is currently run by the fourth generation of the Haigh family. The company currently has an employee strength of 500 and has 15 retail stores in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. Cocoa beans at Haigh are sourced from all over the globe and they are known for their Bean to Bars (Haighschocolates.com.au, n.d.). With over 250 variety of chocolates, the company even today has a handmade segment. Quality and premium standards are the core factors that drive Haigh and they strongly believe in delivering world class chocolate experience every time. Chocolate and confectionary industry in Australia is one of the leading segments in the food industry with over 7 billion revenue a year. The major shareholders are international brands such as Mars and Nestle while the local suppliers do share a decent percentage of the share. The industry has seen a steady decrease in past five years, due to the increasing concerns of obesity given the fat percentage in the chocolates. This has led to several vendors diversifying into healthier low fat products. However, the dip is not significant yet, given that chocolates have been festive treats for a long time now (Evans, 2015). The number of new competitors in the industry are significantly low, given the giants in the market and also the high capital investment required. The companies that has been in the market for some time are currently trying to either diverge into healthier products or are in search of international expansion. 2.Current STP at Haigh Australia is known for their chocolate consumption and on an average every Australian consume about 6.7 Kilos of chocolate making 77% of confectionary sales. There are several chocolate brands in Australia that focus on a different target market depending on the cost and variety of chocolates provided. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning are very important concepts which every organization needs to focus on during the implementation of marketing strategies while launching any product or services. These 3 process along with the marketing mix namely Product, Place, Price and Promotion constitutes the major pre-launching analysis. The below is an analysis of the segmentation, target and positioning of the Haigh Chocolates. Segmentation Segmentation is the process by which customers are divided into subsets based on needs and wants (Pyo, 2015) Geographical Segmentation: Haigh currently serves only in three major cities of Australia and hence is currently restricted to the same Demographic Segmentation: The purchases of Haigh are not restricted to a gender given that they sell premium chocolates (Kerry, 1998). The customers may be of either genders but the product is consumed mostly by women. They dont target children due to the cost of the product. The age of the consumers is usually above 22. Behavioral Segmentation: Haigh Chocolates have bite size options and are in restricted quantity per box. Most customers assume that the number of calories per bite are comparatively low when considering a huge bar. Also, the quality of chocolate is much better than any other brands and hence has a psychological influence Psychographic Segmentation: Emotional eating which is rare with premium products and the other is the perceived status of gifting high priced chocolate boxes (Spoor, 20017). Targeting As mentioned earlier due to its significant price and premium products most of the products of Haigh are used for gifting purposes or for customers who are ready to pay a premium amount for high quality chocolate. The target hence are women usually in the age bracket of 20 to 50. The generation today have become conscious about calories which is an advantage for Haigh given their bite size portions instead of bars (Ried, 2009). The company do have bar chocolates but the most in demand are the bite sized. Positioning The value proposition of Haigh is because of the brand image they have. The company has been around from 1915 and has built the reputation for its extremely high quality. It is also a luxury product. The handmade making defines the richness of each of their chocolate. The positioning of Haigh is hence under the high quality, high taste segment that promises a true world class chocolate experience (Fosfuri, 2016). 3.STP for Haigh in Indonesia Chocolate is a global indulgence. Be it in standalone bars, bite size snippets or usage in bakery preparations, chocolate has always had an international appreciation and a high quality chocolate is always in demand. The same stands true in the Indonesian market as well. Indonesia is a South Eastern cluster of Islands situated in the pacific and Indian oceans. The country has an estimated population of 260 million with Java being the most populous Island. Indonesian sugar consumption has seen a steady growth over the years with a significant market share dedicated to Petra foods (Nieburg, 2013). The key competitor has chocolates available to several economic sectors and has an excellent reputation in the islands. An alluring market as such is always a good opportunity for globalization. And hence, is a potential market for Haigh Chocolates To understand how the company has to strategize in the new market the segmentation, targeting and positioning of their products have to be analyzed (Choi, 2015). Segmentation Geographical Segmentation: Indonesia is spread over 735,358 square miles which is quite a lot for a company to market in. However, the most populous island Java is well known for its confectionary needs. This would be the best geography to start the business in. A better option would be to open one retail store in a bustling center and carry business online in Indonesia to reach maximum customers. Demographic Segmentation: Haigh chocolates are not gender restricted and at the same time are not produced for kids. They are of high quality made with premium products and are a luxury brand. With a brand as such that usually goes for gifting, women are more likely to purchase such products. Also, the age of customers would be of an earning income hence 22 and above as the cost of products would restrict lower aged kids. Indonesia has significant corporates established and has a generous working category which would suffice the segmentation Behavioral Segmentation: Occasional gifting is one segment where Haigh would have an upper hand given the quality and handmade features of the product. Hence, the product is highly recommended for festive seasons. Indonesians take pride in gifting as it is one way of showing respect. For the new market Haigh would have to prepare customized products for Indonesian festivals such as Nyepi, Waisak day etc., apart from Easter and Christmas. Psychographic Segmentation: Impulsive eating is common to a country and so is it to Indonesia. The advantage with Haigh is that they have a large range of products that are bite sized and hence may not be seen as high indulgence. The Calorie counting segment are also considered by Haigh. It is a fact that dark chocolate can help out of depression and since Haighs comes in bite sized portions it is appealing (Chan, 2012). They also have products for Egg and Gluten free (Stringer, 2015). Targeting In the new market, it would be ideal to target the customers that have high purchasing power. This in Indonesia would be the women, who generally take care of purchasing gifts for family occasions and also prefer some self-indulgence. The working sector of women can be the target for Haigh to exploit as the preference of high quality, premium products would be in demand. Positioning Petra the key competitor and a significant shareholder in Indonesia has products for the lower economic group as well. Given the procurement cost, cost of goods sold, exports and overseas trade costs, it is highly unlikely that Haigh would be able to come down on its price. At the same time there cannot be a decrease in the quality of products (Stringer, 2015). Hence in Indonesia as well Haigh would be a high price high quality product Conclusion Haigh is a well know brand in the country of Australia for its exceptional chocolates that have been around since 1915. The companies that has been in the market for some time are currently trying to either diverge into healthier products or are in search of international expansion. For the global expansion, the market of Indonesia can be an alluring opportunity given the geographic distance and high earning market. The Segmentation is slightly different from that in the Australian market. However, the targeting and positioning of the same is similar in both the nations. In the above sections, various concepts were applied to understand how the company must strategize in the new market. The segmentation, targeting and positioning of their products have been analyzed. References Chan, E.K., Quach, J., Mensah, F.K., Sung, V., Cheung, M. and Wake, M., 2012. Dark chocolate for children's blood pressure: randomised trial.Archives of disease in childhood,97(7), pp.637-640. Choi, C.S. and Kim, K.H., 2015, June. Marketing MANAGEMENT IN SOCIAL NETWORK PLATFORMS: SEGMENTATION, TARGETING, AND POSITIONING. In2015 Global Fashion Management Conference at Florence(pp. 97-102). Evans, S. (2015). Cadbury plans to cut the size of its family blocks of chocolate to save costs. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/cadbury-plans-to-cut-the-size-of-its-family-blocks-of-chocolate-to-save-costs-20150202-1343wp.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Fosfuri, A., Giarratana, M.S. and Roca, E., 2016. Social Business Hybrids: Demand Externalities, Competitive Advantage, and Growth Through Diversification.Organization Science,27(5), pp.1275-1289. Haighschocolates.com.au. (n.d.). About Us - Haigh's Chocolates. [online] Available at: https://www.haighschocolates.com.au/about-us [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Kerry, C., 1998.The Haigh's Book of Chocolate. Wakefield Press. Nieburg, O. (2013). Indonesian sugar rush sweet news for Petra Foods...but rivals could be lurking. [online] ConfectioneryNews.com. Available at: https://www.confectionerynews.com/Markets/Indonesian-sugar-rush-sweet-news-for-Petra-Foods-but-rivals-could-be-lurking [Accessed 4 Apr. 2017]. Pyo, S., 2015. Integrating tourist market segmentation, targeting, and positioning using association rules.Information Technology Tourism,15(3), pp.253-281. Ried, K., Frank, O.R. and Stocks, N.P., 2009. Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trial.BMC complementary and alternative medicine,9(1), p.22. Spoor, S.T., Bekker, M.H., Van Strien, T. and van Heck, G.L., 2007. Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating.Appetite,48(3), pp.368-376. Stringer, R., 2015. Vanuatu: Bean to bar: Vanuatu chocolate.Partners in Research for Development, (1), p.10.